(Answered)-Consumer Chemistry - Spring 2016 FINAL EXAM, DUE BEFORE - (2025 Updated Original AI-Free Solution
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Consumer Chemistry ? Spring 2016
FINAL EXAM, DUE BEFORE 5/6/2016 at 3:30 pm
NAME: ______________________________
THE EXAM IS OPEN NOTES, BUT CLOSED CLASSMATES
You may ask me clarifying questions during the exam.
If I cannot read it or follow it, you will get zero points for it.
GOOD LUCK
Final Grade:_____/100, ______
MULTIPLE CHOICE (2.5 pts each ? 35 pts)
1. When a substance freezes it undergoes a:
a) chemical reaction
b) chemical change
c) physical change
d) sublimation
2. When water condenses from a steam to liquid:
a) the energy added overcomes the heat of fusion
attractions
b) heat is released from newly formed
c) its temperature decreases
d) the atoms move farther apart
3. Cations are positively charged ions, because the number of __________ is greater than the number of
__________ .
a) neutrons ; electrons
b) quarks ; protons
c) protons ; electrons
d) electrons ; neutrons
4. Metal-oxide sunscreens work by:
a) absorbing UV light
b) absorbing visible light
c) reflecting all light
d) reflecting infrared light
5. In order to define Poly(lactic acid) as biodegradable you must:
a) define its breakdown products
b) define its disposal location
c) define a time line for breakdown
d) meet ASTM standards for oxo-biodegradables
e) do a, b, and c
f) certify its biobased
g) do a, b, c, and f
6. You?ve created a new compostable plastic for packaging, therefore it:
a) fits in the biological metabolism
b) fits in the technical metabolism
c) is certified Cradle to Cradle
d) is recyclable
7. Who has the power to slowdown (delay) a chemical safety assessment developed by EPA?s IRIS
program:
a) National Academy of Science
b) Environmental Non-Profits
d) The White House
f) a, b, c & d
e) a & c
c) Chemical Manufactures
g) EPA only
8. Eco-effective design:
a) must be implemented after the product is in the market
b) discourages consumption
c) considers the full lifecycle of a product
d) strives to increase regulation of toxic chemicals
9. Crosslinked polymers:
a) can be recycled easily
b) are thermoset polymers
c) are thermoplastic polymers
d) have low melting points
10. Plasticizers are added to polymers:
a) during the initial stages of processing
b) before processing occurs
c) after processing occurs
d) once a finished product is created
11. Plasticizers are required for most plastics because:
a) they ensure a high degree of crosslinking can occur between chains
b) they reduce the intramolecular forces between chains
c) they help the polymer chains stick together more
d) the polymer chemically degrades, before it melts
12. Ceramics tend to be stiff because they:
a) are held together by weak intramolecular forces
b) contain ionic bonds
c) have partial charges holding them together
d) have no space between their atoms
13. Surfactants are known as amphiphilic molecules, this means they have both hydrophobic and a
hydrophilic regions within the same molecule. A consequence of this is:
a) they don?t dissolve in water
b) they contain only C-C or C-H bonds
c) they are all non-ionic molecules
d) they are both polar and non-polar
14. The principle reason why we say plastics are normally ?down cycled? instead of recycled is:
a) their molecular weight drops during reprocessing
b) they cannot reform their intermolecular forces once disturbed
c) they undergo chemical reactions more readily
d) they are reused further ?down? the supply chain
FILL IN THE BLANK (10.5 pts)
1. We?ve learned that exposure to certain chemicals can cause lasting effects and even change the genes of
animals by observing ______________________ in the Everglades after a pesticide spill.
2. When designing a new product, ___________________ percent of the success of the product is locked
into place by choices made during the preliminary design?
3. Based on the material science triangle, we know that changing the processing of a polymer will have a
ripple effect by altering its ___________________, physical ___________________, and its
____________________ as a consumer good. (3 pts)
4. What law governs the use and restriction of toxic chemicals in commerce?
__________________________________
5. Fill in the chart below: (7 pts total)
Element
Valence
Electrons
Metal/Non-Metal
Likely Type/s
of Bonds
(Metal, Ionic,
Covalent, None)
# of Bonds
Carbon (C)
Chlorine (Cl)
Sodium (Na)
Nitrogen (N)
Neon (Ne)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hydrogen (H)
SHORT ANSWER ? ( 5 pts each unless noted) - 45 pts
1. Explain why molecule A) has a melting point 200 ?C below molecule B)?
A)
H3C
CH3
B)
H3C
CH3
150
2. What is the circular economy and how does it fundamentally change the relationship between goods
and services? (7.5 pts)
3. Explain why one could consider the concept of eco-efficiency just a case of ?being less bad?? (7.5 pts)
4. Explain how a molecule, like di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) (DEHP) or bisphenol-A (BPA) can be
mistaken by the body as a hormone?
5. Two molecules, one polar the other anionic, walk into a bar and have seats equidistance away from you
on your right and left. If you are a polar molecule, which of the two molecules are you more attracted to
and why? Also, explain why the molecules location in the room matters?
6. The FDA has asked you to remove Yellow dye #5 from your products because it can cause strong
allergic reactions. Below are the structures of yellow dye #5 and your new substitute molecule. They will
appear the same color, however you?ve noticed that the dye doesn?t dissolve or spread out evenly when
mixed with water. Identify what part of the structure was altered in the new dye and explain specifically
why this change causes the problem?
-
O
O Na
+
Yellow #5
H3C
O
+
Na O
-
S
O
O
N
O
+
O
Na O
-
O Na
+
-
S
O
+
O
H3C
Alternative
N
N
O Na
S
Yellow #5
N
-
O
S
N
N
O
N
N
CH3
7. Explain how some polymers, like polyethylene, reach their maximum strength at maximum
elongation?
8. Briefly describe the new product design process and how sustainability can be better integrated?
LAST QUESTION (2.5 pt) - I?m going to reorganize this course next year: a) suggest one
section/subject that can be expanded, b) suggest one section (topic) of the course that can be removed and
why?
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